ElementPlus
官方网站:https://element-plus.org/zh-CN/#/zh-CN
基本介绍
Element:是饿了么公司前端开发团队提供的一套基于 Vue3 的网站组件库,用于快速构建网页
Element 提供了很多组件(组成网页的部件)供我们使用。例如 超链接、按钮、图片、表格等
如下图所示就是我们开发的页面和 ElementUI 提供的效果对比:可以发现 ElementUI 提供的各式各样好看的按钮

ElementPlus 的学习方式和我们之前的学习方式不太一样,对于 ElementPlus,我们作为一个后台开发者,只需要学会如何从 ElementPlus 的官网拷贝组件到我们自己的页面中,并且做一些修改即可
我们主要学习的是 ElementPlus 中提供的常用组件,至于其他组件同学们可以通过我们这几个组件的学习掌握到 ElementPlus 的学习技巧,然后课后自行学习
快速入门
安装组件库依赖
bash
npm install element-plus@2.4.4 --save引入组件库
在 main.js 中引入 ElementPlus 组件库 (参照官方文档),最终 main.js 中代码如下
js
import { createApp } from "vue";
import App from "./App.vue";\
//引入ElmentPlus
import ElementPlus from "element-plus";
import "element-plus/dist/index.css";
import zhCn from "element-plus/es/locale/lang/zh-cn";
createApp(App).use(ElementPlus, { locale: zhCn }).mount("#app"); 组件汉化
默认情况下,ElementPlus 的组件是s 英文的,如果希望使用中文语言,可以在 main.js 中做如下配置
js
import zhCn from "element-plus/dist/locale/zh-cn.mjs";
app.use(ElementPlus, { locale: zhCn });入门案例
(1)找到官网的按钮组件

(2) 在 src 下创建 views 目录,在 views 目录下,创建 Element.vue 组件文件,复制组件代码,调整成自己想要的
vue
<script setup></script>
<template>
<el-row class="mb-4">
<el-button>Default</el-button>
<el-button type="primary">Primary</el-button>
<el-button type="success">Success</el-button>
<el-button type="info">Info</el-button>
<el-button type="warning">Warning</el-button>
<el-button type="danger">Danger</el-button>
</el-row>
</template>
<style scoped></style>(3)在根组件 app.vue 中引入 Element.vue
import 后面就是引入文件的别名,在 templete 标签中使用别名标签来实现页面渲染
vue
<script setup>
import Element from "./views/Element.vue";
</script>
<template>
<Element></Element>
</template>
<style scoped></style>(4)启动项目,查看渲染效果

常用组件案例
表格组件

然后在 Element.vue 组件中继续制作表格。组件中,需要注意的是,我们组件包括了 3 个部分,如果官方有除了<template>部分之外的<style>和<script>都需要复制。具体操作如下图所示

Table 表格组件,属性说明
data: 主要定义 table 组件的数据模型
prop: 定义列的数据应该绑定 data 中定义的具体的数据模型
label: 定义列的标题
width: 定义列的宽度
vue
<script setup>
const tableData = [
{
date: "2016-05-03",
name: "Tom",
address: "No. 189, Grove St, Los Angeles",
},
{
date: "2016-05-02",
name: "Tom",
address: "No. 189, Grove St, Los Angeles",
},
{
date: "2016-05-04",
name: "Tom",
address: "No. 189, Grove St, Los Angeles",
},
{
date: "2016-05-01",
name: "Tom",
address: "No. 189, Grove St, Los Angeles",
},
];
</script>
<template>
<!-- Button按钮 -->
<el-row class="mb-4">
<el-button>Default</el-button>
<el-button type="primary">Primary</el-button>
<el-button type="success">Success</el-button>
<el-button type="info">Info</el-button>
<el-button type="warning">Warning</el-button>
<el-button type="danger">Danger</el-button>
</el-row>
<br />
<!-- Table表格 -->
<el-table :data="tableData" border style="width: 100%">
<el-table-column prop="date" label="Date" width="180" />
<el-table-column prop="name" label="Name" width="180" />
<el-table-column prop="address" label="Address" />
</el-table>
</template>
<style scoped></style>分页条组件
首先在官网找到分页组件,我们选择带背景色分页组件,如下图所示

然后复制代码到我们的 Element.vue 组件文件的 template 中,在 <template> </template> 拷贝如下代码
html
<el-pagination
v-model:current-page="currentPage4"
v-model:page-size="pageSize4"
:page-sizes="[100, 200, 300, 400]"
layout="total, sizes, prev, pager, next, jumper"
:total="400"
@size-change="handleSizeChange"
@current-change="handleCurrentChange"
/>在 <script> </script> 中拷贝如下代码
js
import { ref } from "vue";
const currentPage4 = ref(4);
const pageSize4 = ref(100);
const handleSizeChange = (val) => {
console.log(`${val} items per page`);
};
const handleCurrentChange = (val) => {
console.log(`current page: ${val}`);
};完整代码如下
点我查看代码
vue
<script setup>
import { ref } from "vue";
const tableData = [
{
date: "2016-05-03",
name: "Tom",
address: "No. 189, Grove St, Los Angeles",
},
{
date: "2016-05-02",
name: "Tom",
address: "No. 189, Grove St, Los Angeles",
},
{
date: "2016-05-04",
name: "Tom",
address: "No. 189, Grove St, Los Angeles",
},
{
date: "2016-05-01",
name: "Tom",
address: "No. 189, Grove St, Los Angeles",
},
];
const currentPage4 = ref(4);
const pageSize4 = ref(100);
const handleSizeChange = (val) => {
console.log(`${val} items per page`);
};
const handleCurrentChange = (val) => {
console.log(`current page: ${val}`);
};
</script>
<template>
<!-- Button按钮 -->
<el-row class="mb-4">
<el-button>Default</el-button>
<el-button type="primary">Primary</el-button>
<el-button type="success">Success</el-button>
<el-button type="info">Info</el-button>
<el-button type="warning">Warning</el-button>
<el-button type="danger">Danger</el-button>
</el-row>
<br />
<!-- Table表格 -->
<el-table :data="tableData" border style="width: 100%">
<el-table-column prop="date" label="Date" width="180" />
<el-table-column prop="name" label="Name" width="180" />
<el-table-column prop="address" label="Address" />
</el-table>
<br />
<el-pagination
v-model:current-page="currentPage4"
v-model:page-size="pageSize4"
:page-sizes="[100, 200, 300, 400]"
layout="total, sizes, prev, pager, next, jumper"
:total="400"
@size-change="handleSizeChange"
@current-change="handleCurrentChange"
/>
</template>
<style scoped></style>分页组件相关属性
对于分页组件我们需要关注的是如下几个重要属性(可以通过查阅官网组件中最下面的组件属性详细说明得到)
background: 添加北京颜色,也就是上图蓝色背景色效果。
layout: 分页工具条的布局,其具体值包含 sizes, prev, pager, next, jumper, total 这些值
total: 数据的总数量

对于分页组件,除了上述几个属性,还有 2 个非常重要的事件我们需要去学习:
size-change : pageSize 改变时会触发
current-change :currentPage 改变时会触发
对话框组件
首先我们需要在 ElementPlus 官方找到 Dialog 组件,如下图所示

然后复制如下代码到我们的组件文件 Element.vue 的 <template></template> 模块中
html
<el-button @click="dialogTableVisible = true"> 打开对话框 </el-button>
<el-dialog v-model="dialogTableVisible" title="Shipping address">
<el-table :data="tableData">
<el-table-column property="date" label="Date" width="150" />
<el-table-column property="name" label="Name" width="200" />
<el-table-column property="address" label="Address" />
</el-table>
</el-dialog>然后复制如下代码到我们的组件文件 Element.vue 的 <script></script> 模块中
js
const dialogTableVisible = ref(false);完整代码如下
Dialog 对话框组件使用的关键点,就是控制其显示与隐藏
通过 v-model 给定的 boolean 值,来控制 Dialog 的显示与隐藏
点我查看代码
vue
<script setup>
import { ref } from "vue";
const tableData = [
{
date: "2016-05-03",
name: "Tom",
address: "No. 189, Grove St, Los Angeles",
},
{
date: "2016-05-02",
name: "Tom",
address: "No. 189, Grove St, Los Angeles",
},
{
date: "2016-05-04",
name: "Tom",
address: "No. 189, Grove St, Los Angeles",
},
{
date: "2016-05-01",
name: "Tom",
address: "No. 189, Grove St, Los Angeles",
},
];
const currentPage4 = ref(4);
const pageSize4 = ref(100);
const handleSizeChange = (val) => {
console.log(`${val} items per page`);
};
const handleCurrentChange = (val) => {
console.log(`current page: ${val}`);
};
// Dialog对话框
const dialogTableVisible = ref(false);
</script>
<template>
<!-- Button按钮 -->
<el-row class="mb-4">
<el-button>Default</el-button>
<el-button type="primary">Primary</el-button>
<el-button type="success">Success</el-button>
<el-button type="info">Info</el-button>
<el-button type="warning">Warning</el-button>
<el-button type="danger">Danger</el-button>
</el-row>
<br />
<!-- Table表格 -->
<el-table :data="tableData" border style="width: 100%">
<el-table-column prop="date" label="Date" width="180" />
<el-table-column prop="name" label="Name" width="180" />
<el-table-column prop="address" label="Address" />
</el-table>
<br />
<el-pagination
v-model:current-page="currentPage4"
v-model:page-size="pageSize4"
:page-sizes="[100, 200, 300, 400]"
layout="total, sizes, prev, pager, next, jumper"
:total="400"
@size-change="handleSizeChange"
@current-change="handleCurrentChange"
/>
<br />
<el-button @click="dialogTableVisible = true"> 打开对话框 </el-button>
<el-dialog v-model="dialogTableVisible" title="Shipping address">
<el-table :data="tableData">
<el-table-column property="date" label="Date" width="150" />
<el-table-column property="name" label="Name" width="200" />
<el-table-column property="address" label="Address" />
</el-table>
</el-dialog>
</template>
<style scoped></style>
表单组件
Form 表单:由输入框、选择器、单选框、多选框等控件组成,用以收集、校验、提交数据
表单在我们前端的开发中使用的还是比较多的,接下来我们学习这个组件,与之前的流程一样,我们首先需要在 ElementPlus 的官方找到对应的组件示例:如下图所示

然后复制如下代码到我们的组件文件 Element.vue 的 <template></template> 模块中
html
<!-- Form 表单 -->
<el-form :inline="true" :model="formInline" class="demo-form-inline">
<el-form-item label="Approved by">
<el-input v-model="formInline.user" placeholder="Approved by" clearable />
</el-form-item>
<el-form-item label="Activity zone">
<el-select
v-model="formInline.region"
placeholder="Activity zone"
clearable
>
<el-option label="Zone one" value="shanghai" />
<el-option label="Zone two" value="beijing" />
</el-select>
</el-form-item>
<el-form-item label="Activity time">
<el-date-picker
v-model="formInline.date"
type="date"
placeholder="Pick a date"
clearable
/>
</el-form-item>
<el-form-item>
<el-button type="primary" @click="onSubmit">Query</el-button>
</el-form-item>
</el-form>然后复制如下代码到我们的组件文件 Element.vue 的 <script></script> 模块中
js
// Form表单
const formInline = ref({
user: "",
region: "",
date: "",
});
const onSubmit = () => {
console.log("submit!");
};完整代码如下
点我查看代码
vue
<script setup>
import { ref } from "vue";
const tableData = [
{
date: "2016-05-03",
name: "Tom",
address: "No. 189, Grove St, Los Angeles",
},
{
date: "2016-05-02",
name: "Tom",
address: "No. 189, Grove St, Los Angeles",
},
{
date: "2016-05-04",
name: "Tom",
address: "No. 189, Grove St, Los Angeles",
},
{
date: "2016-05-01",
name: "Tom",
address: "No. 189, Grove St, Los Angeles",
},
];
const currentPage4 = ref(4);
const pageSize4 = ref(100);
const handleSizeChange = (val) => {
console.log(`${val} items per page`);
};
const handleCurrentChange = (val) => {
console.log(`current page: ${val}`);
};
// Dialog对话框
const dialogTableVisible = ref(false);
// Form表单
const formInline = ref({
user: "",
region: "",
date: "",
});
const onSubmit = () => {
console.log("submit!");
};
</script>
<template>
<!-- Button按钮 -->
<el-row class="mb-4">
<el-button>Default</el-button>
<el-button type="primary">Primary</el-button>
<el-button type="success">Success</el-button>
<el-button type="info">Info</el-button>
<el-button type="warning">Warning</el-button>
<el-button type="danger">Danger</el-button>
</el-row>
<br />
<!-- Table表格 -->
<el-table :data="tableData" border style="width: 100%">
<el-table-column prop="date" label="Date" width="180" />
<el-table-column prop="name" label="Name" width="180" />
<el-table-column prop="address" label="Address" />
</el-table>
<br />
<el-pagination
v-model:current-page="currentPage4"
v-model:page-size="pageSize4"
:page-sizes="[100, 200, 300, 400]"
layout="total, sizes, prev, pager, next, jumper"
:total="400"
@size-change="handleSizeChange"
@current-change="handleCurrentChange"
/>
<br />
<el-button @click="dialogTableVisible = true"> 打开对话框 </el-button>
<el-dialog v-model="dialogTableVisible" title="Shipping address">
<el-table :data="tableData">
<el-table-column property="date" label="Date" width="150" />
<el-table-column property="name" label="Name" width="200" />
<el-table-column property="address" label="Address" />
</el-table>
</el-dialog>
<br /><br />
<!-- Form 表单 -->
<el-form :inline="true" :model="formInline" class="demo-form-inline">
<el-form-item label="Approved by">
<el-input v-model="formInline.user" placeholder="Approved by" clearable />
</el-form-item>
<el-form-item label="Activity zone">
<el-select
v-model="formInline.region"
placeholder="Activity zone"
clearable
>
<el-option label="Zone one" value="shanghai" />
<el-option label="Zone two" value="beijing" />
</el-select>
</el-form-item>
<el-form-item label="Activity time">
<el-date-picker
v-model="formInline.date"
type="date"
placeholder="Pick a date"
clearable
/>
</el-form-item>
<el-form-item>
<el-button type="primary" @click="onSubmit">Query</el-button>
</el-form-item>
</el-form>
</template>
<style scoped></style>
综合案例
需求分析
基于 ElementPlus 组件库制作如下页面,并异步获取数据,完成页面展示

准备工作
由于在案例中,我们需要在 vue 项目中使用 Axios,需要安装 axios,需要在当前项目的目录下执行如下命令
bash
npm install axios编码实现
在 views 目录下,再定义一个文件 EmpList.vue,具体代码实现如下
vue
<script setup>
import { ref, onMounted } from "vue";
import axios from "axios";
//表单
const emp = ref({ name: "", gender: "", job: "" });
//钩子函数
onMounted(() => {
search();
});
//查询
const search = async () => {
const result = await axios.get(
`https://web-server.itheima.net/emps/list?name=${emp.value.name}&gender=${emp.value.gender}&job=${emp.value.job}`
);
empList.value = result.data.data;
};
//清空
const clear = () => {
emp.value = { name: "", gender: "", job: "" };
search();
};
const empList = ref([]);
</script>
<template>
<div id="container">
<!-- 搜索表单 -->
<el-form :inline="true" :model="emp" class="demo-form-inline">
<el-form-item label="姓名">
<el-input v-model="emp.name" placeholder="请输入姓名" />
</el-form-item>
<el-form-item label="性别">
<el-select v-model="emp.gender" placeholder="请选择">
<el-option label="男" value="1" />
<el-option label="女" value="2" />
</el-select>
</el-form-item>
<el-form-item label="职位">
<el-select v-model="emp.job" placeholder="请选择">
<el-option label="班主任" value="1" />
<el-option label="讲师" value="2" />
<el-option label="学工主管" value="3" />
<el-option label="教研主管" value="4" />
<el-option label="咨询师" value="5" />
</el-select>
</el-form-item>
<el-form-item>
<el-button type="primary" @click="search">查询</el-button>
<el-button type="info" @click="clear">清空</el-button>
</el-form-item>
</el-form>
<!-- 表格 -->
<el-table :data="empList" border style="width: 100%">
<el-table-column prop="id" label="ID" width="100" align="center" />
<el-table-column prop="name" label="姓名" width="120" align="center" />
<el-table-column label="头像" width="180" align="center">
<template #default="scope">
<img :src="scope.row.image" height="40px" />
</template>
</el-table-column>
<el-table-column label="性别" width="180" align="center">
<template #default="scope">
{{ scope.row.gender == 1 ? "男" : "女" }}
</template>
</el-table-column>
<el-table-column label="职位" width="180" align="center">
<template #default="scope">
<span v-if="scope.row.job == 1">班主任</span>
<span v-else-if="scope.row.job == 2">讲师</span>
<span v-else-if="scope.row.job == 3">学工主管</span>
<span v-else-if="scope.row.job == 4">教研主管</span>
<span v-else-if="scope.row.job == 5">咨询师</span>
<span v-else>其他</span>
</template>
</el-table-column>
<el-table-column
prop="entrydate"
label="入职日期"
width="180"
align="center"
/>
<el-table-column prop="updatetime" label="更新时间" align="center" />
</el-table>
</div>
</template>
<style scoped>
#container {
width: 70%;
margin-left: 15%;
margin-right: 15%;
}
</style>在 App.vue 中引入 EmpList.vue 文件
vue
<script setup>
import EmpList from "./views/EmpList.vue";
</script>
<template>
<EmpList></EmpList>
</template>
<style scoped></style>